International Journal Applied Technology Research

Performance of Cellulose and Gum-based Oleogelators to Form Oleogels in Different Oil Systems

2024-07-24T23:07:07+00:00

One of the formed fats that is attracting attention as an alternative to trans-fat is oleogel. Oleogels can be formed using edible and non-edible vegetable oils, depending on the desired application. In this study, we used an emulsion-template approach with three oil systems: canola oil, sunflower oil, and castor oil, and combined hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and xanthan gum (XG) as oleogelators in specific ratios to form oleogel. Stable oleogels were formed when both oleogelators were present in the system. The oil binding capacity of the oleogel with respect to the amount of oil loss varied from less than 5% to more than 30%, depending on oil saturated fatty acid composition and HPMC:XG ratio. Higher saturated fatty acid concentration in the oil strengthens the oleogel matrix and reduces the oil loss rate. High HPMC composition and low XG composition reduce the oil binding ability of oleogels. In oleogel systems, HPMC acts as an emulsifier and XG acts as a thickener, resulting in a lower-than-average XG concentration and a thinner gel. Although the structure and color of oleogels are very stable over 28 days of storage, the rate of oxidation still needs to be minimized. Heating the oleogel system and the presence of aqueous phase can accelerate the oxidation of the oleogel, which can shorten its shelf-life and limit its applications, especially in the food industry.

Energy and Exergy Analysis of Chest Freezer Using R134a and R290 as Working Fluids Based on Experimental Data

2024-07-25T03:39:14+00:00

Although R134a has a very high global warming (GWP) effect, it is still used as a refrigerant in chest freezers. As an alternative to R134a is R290 which has a very low GWP value, which is only 3. Therefore, it is expected that there will be no more chest freezers using R134a and replaced with R290, soon. Thermodynamic studies need to be conducted to see the advantages and disadvantages of the two refrigerants based on experimental data. In this study, a chest freezer which was originally manufactured for R134a with a charging mass of 150 g was used as a test object. Experimental data of the chest freezer using R290 was taken after testing with R134a was completed. Experimentally, the cabin temperatures of the chest freezer using R134a and R290 are -20.5^oC and -35.7^oC, respectively, and the input power are 264 W and 176 W, respectively. Total irreversibility on the four main components of the chest freezer using R134a is greater than using R290, namely 184.4 W and 107.0 W, respectively. This means that the use of R290 as a working fluid in the chest freezer is more efficient. There are at least three advantages of replacing R134a with R290, namely reducing greenhouse gas emissions because R290's GWP is much smaller than R134a, lower cabin temperature, and decreasing the input power of the chest freezer.

Air Pollutant of PM10 and PM2.5 on Air Quality Index in Business Center Kota Baru Parahyangan, West Bandung District

2024-07-25T03:36:55+00:00

Kota Baru Parahyangan is located between Cimahi City and Padalarang. As an area designed as a satellite city, Kota Baru Parahyangan has various facilities including a business centre. In the present study, PM10 and PM2.5 will be measured at three business centres and one residential location located at the southernmost point for comparison. Data collection was carried out on 2 weekdays, namely Monday and Tuesday, and 2 weekends, namely Saturday and Sunday. The data collection time is from 08:00 to 15:30, where data collection is carried out every 30 minutes. Based on these measurements, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in three business centre locations and 1 residential location are still under the PPRI No. 22 of 2021 standards. Meanwhile, when evaluated using Kepmen LHK No. 14 of 2020, the API level for PM10 in three business centre locations and 1 residential location is in the "Good" category. However, the API level for PM2.5 in three business centre locations and 1 residential has reached the "Moderate" category. This means that the concentration of PM2.5 in business centre and residential in Kota Baru Parahyangan should be seriously considered by developer and local government. Because it is confirmed that PM2.5 concentrations will continue to increase over time with increasing activity and an increase in the number of vehicles passing through a region.

Streamlining Warehouse Process: A UHF RFID-Enabled Smart Warehouse System Design

2024-07-25T03:56:44+00:00

In the era of digital transformation, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a pivotal force in information technology. This research addresses the pressing need for companies to integrate IoT technology, specifically Ultra-High Frequency Radio-Frequency Identification (UHF RFID), into their warehouse systems. The study aims to tackle the challenges faced by companies during peak periods, such as online shopping promotions, where transaction volumes surge, demanding efficient inventory and shipment management.

The proposed solution involves implementing an IoT-based warehouse management system leveraging UHF RFID technology. This system seeks to optimize inventory and shipment management through real-time data collection, processing, and analysis. By continuously monitoring inventory and delivery processes, companies can swiftly identify and address issues. The integration of UHF RFID with the information system not only enhances order fulfillment efficiency during peak times but also reduces costs and time associated with inventory management.

This research advocates for the strategic adoption of an IoT-based warehouse management system, emphasizing the benefits of UHF RFID integration, including enhanced accuracy, reduced labor costs, and overall improved business efficiency. The findings provide valuable insights into the practical implementation of IoT technologies, offering a roadmap for companies seeking to optimize warehouse operations and meet customer demands with precision in today's competitive digital landscape.

Artificial Intellegence in Smart-Home System using Power over Ethernet (PoE)

2024-07-25T03:48:07+00:00

Smart homes have been developed for the convenience and efficiency of energy use. Excessive lighting is one of the causes of wasted energy consumption. Smart light control is a solution. However, the control device used needs to be placed in the several points needed to turn on the lights, run the controller and the communication media so that the controller can adjust the lighting. This is very difficult during installation because an electric line is required to each light point. There are many AC / DC adapters for each light controller and there will be additional cables if a cable is used for the communication line. This study examines the use of Power over Ethernet (PoE) which is used for smart lamp installations where the ethernet data communication cable is not only used for communication but also used to transmit DC power to regulate lamp lighting. Whereas for room lighting settings, a reading of how much light intensity the room is used is so that it can be determined the number of lights that need to be turned on. The combination of smart home intelligence and easy system installation with PoE is the focus of this research.

The Effect of Cabbage Waste Concentration and Fermentation Time on The Decaffeination of Arabica Coffee

2024-07-25T07:08:57+00:00

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration of cabbage waste and fermentation time on the caffeine content reduction of Arabica coffee from Pangalengan. Decaffeination is carried out using a wet fermentation method using protease enzyme activity produced by lactic acid bacteria from cabbage waste. Protease enzymes can break down the slime layer on coffee beans so that caffeine is decomposed through the esterification process to become chlorogenic acid. Fermentation was carried out anaerobically in a fermenter with a capacity of ± 2L with a fermentation time of 72 hours and sampling every 6 hours. The concentration of cabbage waste ranged from 10-80% (w/w). Arabica coffee beans were tested for caffeine content (%) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. According to the study's findings, the caffeine level decreases as the concentration of cabbage waste increases. Meanwhile, the caffeine level decreases as fermentation time increases. The addition of 80% concentration of cabbage waste with 48 hours of fermentation time produced the optimum results for the Arabica coffee decaffeination process. This method achieved a decaffeination efficiency of more of 96% and met the quality standards outlined in SNI 01-3542-2004.