Limestone Industry on PM2.5 Air Quality in Padalarang and Surrounding Areas
Main Article Content
Keywords
Padalarang, Limestone industry, PM2.5, PPRI No. 22 of 2021, Acute respiratory infection
Abstract
The processing of limestone through the combustion process will cause air pollution at the combustion site and its surroundings. At the limestone processing site, Padalarang experiences relatively high air pollution. PM2.5 is one of the main pollutants produced by limestone burning, so it is very necessary to study the concentration of PM2.5 in the air in Padalarang and its surroundings. This study was conducted in Padalarang and its surroundings, where data collection was carried out in five locations, namely at the center of limestone burner, 1 km, 2 km, 3 km, and 4 km to the east of the burning center. Data collection was carried out for ten days, where each data collection was carried out for 12 hours, from 07.00 to 19.00. Based on the national standard of PPRI No. 22 of 2021, which is 55 µg/m3, the concentration in the limestone burning center and 1 km from burning center have exceeded the standard, which is 82.5 and 69.3 µg/m3. While PM2.5 concentrations at distances of 2 km, 3 km, and 4 km are below the national standard, namely 52.0, 51.6 and 50.2 µg/m3, respectively. Based on the Air Quality Index (AQI), the AQI at the burning center, distance of 1 km, 2 km, 3 km, and 4 km are Unhealthy, Unhealthy, Moderate, Moderate and Moderate, respectively. This means that areas less than 1 km away are not healthy places to live. The poor air quality in Padalarang is reflected in the much higher number of ARI cases compared to the surrounding sub-districts that do not have a limestone industry.
Downloads
References
[2] S. Tiwari, D. M. Chate, A. K. Srivastaua, D. S. Bisht, and B. Padmanabhamurty, “Assessments of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Delhi at different mean cycles,” Geofizika, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 125–141, 2012.
[3] J. H. Seinfeld and S. N. Pandis, Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change, 2nd editio., vol. 35, no. 10. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
[4] J. Xu, D. DuBois, M. Pitchford, M. Green, and V. Etyemezian, “Attribution of sulfate aerosols in Federal Class I areas of the western United States based on trajectory regression analysis,” Atmos. Environ., vol. 40, no. 19, pp. 3433–3447, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.009.
[5] M. Berico, A. Luciani, and M. Formignani, “Atmospheric aerosol in an urban area - Measurements of TSP and PM10 standards and pulmonary deposition assessments,” Atmos. Environ., vol. 31, no. 21, pp. 3659–3665, 1997, doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00204-5.
[6] S. Yulaekah, M. S. Adi, and Nurjazuli, “Pajanan Debu Terhirup dan Gangguan Fungsi Paru Pada Pekerja Industri Batu Kapur ( Studi Di Desa Mrisi Kecamatan Tanggungharjo Kabupaten Grobogan ),” J. Kesehat. Lingkung. Indones., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 24–32, 2017.
[7] D. Bwalya, M. Bråtveit, and B. E. Moen, “Chronic respiratory symptoms among workers at a limestone factory in zambia,” Arch. Environ. Occup. Heal., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 47–50, 2011, doi: 10.1080/19338244.2010.506498.
[8] S. Tolinggi et al., “Effect Inhaling of Limestone Dust Exposure on Increased Level of IL-8 Serum and Pulmonary Function Decline to Workers of Limestone Mining Industry,” Int. Ref. J. Eng. Sci., vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 66–72, 2014.
[9] R. H. Akili, F. Kolibu, and A. C. Tucunan, “Kejadian Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Pekerja Tambang Kapur,” J. Fak. Kesehat. Masy., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 41–45, 2017.
[10] W. Y. Nalapraya, A. D. Susanto, M. Ikhsan, M. Mansyur, and C. Marliana, “Proportion of Pneumoconiosis in Limestone Mining Workers In Citatah Village, West Bandung District,” Respir. Sci., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 98–115, 2021, doi: 10.36497/respirsci.v1i2.10.
[11] I. Wellid, M. R. F., Markus, N. Yuningsih, and K. Sumeru, “Experimental study of PM10 concentrations in Padalarang as the limestone industry and surroundings,” J. Ilmu Lingkung., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 11–20, 2023, doi: 10.31258/jil.17.1.p.11-20.
[12] Y. G. Lee, P. H. Lee, S. M. Choi, M. H. An, and A. S. Jang, “Effects of air pollutants on airway diseases,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 18, no. 18, 2021, doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189905.
[13] Y. F. Xing, Y. H. Xu, M. H. Shi, and Y. X. Lian, “The impact of PM2.5 on the human respiratory system,” J. Thorac. Dis., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. E69–E74, 2016, doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2016.01.19.
[14] N. Kanellopoulos et al., “Effect of PM2.5 levels on respiratory pediatric ed visits in a semi‐urban greek peninsula,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 18, no. 12, 2021, doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126384.
[15] M. Mermiri et al., “Effect of PM2.5 Levels on ED Visits for Respiratory Causes in a Greek Semi-Urban Area,” J. Pers. Med., vol. 12, no. 11, 2022, doi: 10.3390/jpm12111849.
[16] S. Wang, J. Gao, L. Guo, X. Nie, and X. Xiao, “Meteorological Influences on Spatiotemporal Variation of PM2.5 Concentrations in Atmospheric Pollution Transmission Channel Cities of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 19, no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031607.
[17] A. Wierzbicka et al., “Indoor PM2.5 from occupied residences in Sweden caused higher inflammation in mice compared to outdoor PM2.5,” Indoor Air, vol. 32, no. 12, 2022, doi: 10.1111/ina.13177.
[18] U. Gehring et al., “Particulate Matter Composition and Respiratory Health,” Epidemiology, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 300–309, 2015, doi: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000264.
[19] S. Feng, D. Gao, F. Liao, F. Zhou, and X. Wang, “The health effects of ambient PM2.5 and potential mechanisms,” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., vol. 128, pp. 67–74, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.030.
[20] P. Dabrowiecki et al., “Impact of air pollution on lung function among preadolescent children in two cities in poland,” J. Clin. Med., vol. 10, no. 11, 2021, doi: 10.3390/jcm10112375.
[21] J. O. Anderson, J. G. Thundiyil, and A. Stolbach, “Clearing the Air: A Review of the Effects of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Human Health,” J. Med. Toxicol., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 166–175, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s13181-011-0203-1.
[22] Y. Wang et al., “Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality among older adults in the Southeastern US,” Epidemiology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 207–214, 2017, doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000614.
[23] P. Orellano, J. Reynoso, N. Quaranta, A. Bardach, and A. Ciapponi, “Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis,” Environ. Int., vol. 142, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105876.
[24] A. Vodonos Zilberg, Y. Abu Awad, and J. D. Schwartz, “The Concentration-Response between Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure and Mortality: A Meta-Regression Approach,” ISEE Conf. Abstr., vol. 2018, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.1289/isesisee.2018.o02.03.21.
[25] Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia (PPRI) No. 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.
[26] Permen LHK No. 14 Tahun 2020 tentang Indeks Standar Pencemar Udara.